When you had the starter motor apart, you may have turned the center section around end-for-end during re-assembly. You should mark the sections of the starter before taking it apart to make sure that they get put back together exactly as they were. The center section contains the permanent magnets, and if it happens to get turned around, the polarity of the magnets is reversed, and the result will be that the starter motor will spin in the opposite direction. If the starter motor is spinning in the opposite direction, the one-way bearing will just allow it to spin and not transmit any drive to the engine.